CLASSIFICATIONS OF SYSTEMS

—  CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

—  Closed System

Ø  Has sealed boundaries that separate it from the rest of the environment.

Ø  Clearly differentiated from other system.

Ø  Inputs acceptable to the system  are inputs from another part itself.

Ø  Access to the system is highly restricted.

Ø  Self contained.

—  Closed system with feedback loop

—                                                                                                     

—                                      NO                                                   YES

—  Open System

Ø  Exhibits integration, fluid or fuzzy, boundaries, & interaction with their environment.

Ø  Overlaps with other systems & maybe system within a larger system.

Ø  Exhibit change with respect to both internal and external processes

—  Open system interaction

—  Information Systems

Ø  Collection & integration of various pieces of hardware & software & the human resources  that meet the data collection, storage, processing, & report generation needs of an organization.

—  INFORMATION SYSTEM TYPES

—  Management Information Systems

Ø  Provides managers information about their business operations.

Ø  An organized system for managing the flow of information in an organization in a timely manner.

Ø  Primary use is assisting in the decision making process.

Ø  Support strategic planning , management control,& operations support.

—  Health Care MIS

Ø  Provides information that:

—  Can be used to generate the balance sheet

—  Cash flow report

—  Help the finance department gather information for other financial report

—  Track inpatient occupancy rate by unit or department, clinic visit and procedure

—  Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

Ø  Retrieval system that generally refers to bibliographic data, document information, or literature

Ø  Primarily used to store data NOT to conduct computations per se.

Ø  Example is CINAHL MEDLINE developed by National Library of Medicine.url http://igm .nlm.nih.gov/

—  Stand-alone, Dedicated, or Turnkey Systems

Ø  A special purpose system developed for a single application or set of function.

Ø  Example is patient classification system, pharmacy and laboratory system, imaging system.

—  Transaction systems

Ø  Used to process predefined instructions & produce predefined reports.

Ø  Designed for repeated operations using fixed list.

Ø  Example is an inventory system.

—  Physiologic monitoring systems

Ø  Devices in the form of an oscilloscope, which senses electric impulse & convert them into waveforms in a screen.

Ø  Examples are heart monitor, ECG, EEG etc.

—  Expert systems

Ø  Contain information & decision making strategies of an expert to assist  none experts  in decision-making.

Ø  Designed to stimulate the cause and effect reasoning that an expert would use if confronted with the same situation in real life environment.

Ø  Parts include: 1) a knowledge base containing facts and data pertinent  to the problem area

             2) an inference engine programmed to replicate the reasoning and decision-making strategies of expert clinician

—  Artificial Intelligence Systems(AI)

Ø  Attempts to model human reasoning process.

Ø  Uses logical inference rules.

Ø  Pattern recognition and problem solving are important aspects of AI.

—  Natural language System

Ø  Can understand & process commands given in the user’s own natural, spoken language.